Electricity and Circuits 4th Grade

Electricity is energy that powers things. Without it, there would be no light bulbs, cars, computers, TV's, powered stoves, fridges, and gaming consoles. We use electricity every day, and it may seem simple, but circuits can be very complicated. First there are open and closed circuits. All circuits need a power source to work. They also need to be a Closed Circuit (below). A battery has a positive (+) side and a negative (-) side. The positive one gives the energy and the negative on receives the used energy. The circuit MUST start at the positive side and end at the negative side of the battery. This is pretty basic stuff, but it can be WAY more complicated.

Computer (Complicated Circuit [board])

Earth 4th Grade

  Earth, also called the world and, less frequently, Gaia, (or Terra in some works of science fiction) is the third planet from the Sun, the densest planet in the Solar System, the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets, and the only astronomical object known to accommodate life. The earliest life on Earth arose at least 3.5 billion years ago. Earth's biodiversity has expanded continually except when interrupted bymass extinctions. Although scholars estimate that over 99 percent of all species that ever lived on the planet are extinct, Earth is currently home to 10–14 million species of life, including over billion humans who depend upon its biosphere and minerals. Earth's human population is divided among about two hundred sovereign states which interact through diplomacy, conflict, travel, trade and communication media.

Eco-Systems (and some natural systems/functions) 4th Grade

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic component are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can be of any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces (although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).

Coral Reefs are a highly productive
marine Eco-system

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem

Source: Link is Shortened for Convenience

Photosynthesis

The Water Cycle

Mesozoic Era 5th Grade

The Mesazoic Era begins where the upheavals of the Permian Extinctions end. A mass extinction at the end of the Permian Period had eliminated most of the species of life that had existed throughout the Paleozoic Era. Sometimes called the Age of Dinosaurs because this era becomes dominated by dinosaurs and reptiles.
The Continents

Toward the end of the Paleozoic Era the land that would become Europe and Asia slammed into North America. By the time of the Mesozoic Era Pangea the super continent had formed. It was roughly the shape of a “C”. The huge land mass protected the Tethys Ocean which lay across tropical latitudes. Pangea and the Tethys were ringed by the Panthalassic Ocean.

Climate During The Mesozoic
The temperatures, both on land and in the ocean, were much higher than during the Paleozoic, and climates were more tropical in nature. Despite this, the seas were lower, leaving different types of land masses for life to deal with. Over all the Mesozoic Era was dryer than in the Paleozoic Era. There were more deserts and less marshland.

Within the three periods of the Mesozoic Era ( Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous) there were times of wide temperature and seasonal variation.